Glucagon-like peptide-1: difference between revisions
Diff·revision 5 → 6·16:16, 21 Jul 2024
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| Revision 5 — 15:18, 10 Jul 2024 Chromatokid (talk) serial comma per PP:MOS 3,005 bytes ±0 | Revision 6 — 16:16, 21 Jul 2024 EndpointEnid (talk) state that the enzyme inhibitor class works by raising endogenous levels 3,812 bytes +807 | ||
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| 15 | Cloning of the proglucagon gene in the early 1980s revealed two glucagon-like sequences downstream of glucagon itself, designated glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2. The full-length GLP-1 (1–37) proved to be biologically inert; N-terminal truncation to GLP-1 (7–37) yielded a potent insulinotropic peptide.{{r|holst1987}} Physiological activity in humans was demonstrated shortly afterwards by infusion studies showing marked, glucose-dependent insulin release.{{r|kreymann1987}} | 15 | Cloning of the proglucagon gene in the early 1980s revealed two glucagon-like sequences downstream of glucagon itself, designated glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2. The full-length GLP-1 (1–37) proved to be biologically inert; N-terminal truncation to GLP-1 (7–37) yielded a potent insulinotropic peptide.{{r|holst1987}} Physiological activity in humans was demonstrated shortly afterwards by infusion studies showing marked, glucose-dependent insulin release.{{r|kreymann1987}} |
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| + | 17 | == Biosynthesis and secretion == | |
| + | 18 | {{main|Proglucagon}} | |
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| + | 20 | Proglucagon is encoded by a single gene (''GCG'') and is processed differently in different tissues. In pancreatic alpha cells, prohormone convertase 2 predominates and glucagon is the principal product. In intestinal L cells and in some neurons of the caudal brainstem, prohormone convertase 1/3 predominates and the products are GLP-1, GLP-2 and the glicentin-related fragments.{{r|baggio2007}} | |
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| + | 22 | L cells are open-type epithelial cells whose apical surface contacts the lumen, giving them direct access to nutrient stimuli. Secretion is biphasic: an early rise within 10–15 minutes of ingestion, attributed partly to neural and endocrine relay from the proximal gut, followed by a later phase as nutrients reach the ileum and colon.{{r|holst2007}} | |
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| 17 | == References == | 24 | == References == |
| 18 | {{reflist}} | 25 | {{reflist}} |